Silica gel is by far the most widely used adsorbent and remains the dominant stationary phase for TLC.
The surface of silica gel with the highest concentration of geminal and associated silanols is favored most for the chromatography of basic compounds because these silanols are less acidic.
Note
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is an affinity-based method used to separate compounds in a mixture. ... The sample is spotted onto one end of the TLC plate and placed vertically into a closed chamber with an organic solvent (mobile phase)
The data to the particle size are related to the pure Silica gel before additive addition
Thin layer chromatography is done exactly as it says - using a thin, uniform layer of silica gel or alumina coated onto a piece of glass, metal or rigid plastic.