HYDROXY NAPTHOL BLUE indicator for calcium determination is make by Dissolve 0.3 g in 100 mL of water, add 10 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide volumetric solution and 1.0 mL of calcium chloride solution (1 g in 200 mL), and dilute with water to 165 mL.

Use. Murexide is used in analytical chemistry as a complexometric indicator for complexometric titrations, most often of calcium ions, but also for Cu, Ni, Co, Th and rare-earth metals. It functions as a tridentate ligand. Its use has been eclipsed by calcium-ion selective electrodes.

Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH. It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water.[2] When in the dissolved state, it forms a colorless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources. Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group.

There are numerous lactic acid uses, and the first thing to note is that your body can produce lactic acid on its own. 

Add Gram's iodine for 1 minute- this is a mordant, or an agent that fixes the crystal violet to the bacterial cell wall. Rinse sample/slide with acetone or alcohol for ~3 seconds and rinse with a gentle stream of water. The alcohol will decolorize the sample if it is Gram negative, removing the crystal violet.

Exposing gram negative cells to the decolorizer dissolves the lipids in the cell walls, which allows the crystal violet-iodine complex to leach out of the cells. This allows the cells to subsequently be stained with safranin.

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride can be prepared technically by the electrolytic reduction of nitric acid1 and by the action of sodium bisulfite on sodium nitrite.

Hydroxylamine may be prepared by several methods; of current technical importance are the hydrolysis of nitroalkanes (RCH2NO2) and the catalytic hydrogenation of nitric oxide (NO). Hydroxylamine, NH2OH, may be thought of as being derived from ammonia by

Iodic acid is used in analytical chemistry laboratories to standardize solutions of both weak and strong bases using methyl red or methyl orange as the indicator. 

It acts as a key starting material to synthesize sodium or potassium iodate, thereby increasing the iodine content of salt.

Light sensitive. Incompatible with reducing agents, alcohols and organic materials.

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During the synthesis of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogues, HATU was successfully used as a coupling reagent along with collidine, both in solution and solid phase. Furthermore, the synthetic route towards dehydrodidemnin B was improved by the use of HATU.

Current methods towards their synthesis frequently rely on the use of dipolar aprotic solvents; however, due to increasingly stringent regulations and growing societal pressures, safe and more sustainable alternatives are highly sought after. 

Hydrogen fluoride is used to make refrigerants, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, high-octane gasoline, aluminum, plastics, electrical components, and fluorescent light bulbs. Sixty percent of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing is for processes to make refrigerants.

Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group. However, L-arabinose is in fact more common than D-arabinose in nature and is found in nature as a component of biopolymers such as hemicellulose and pectin.

 The fungal pathway for l-arabinose catabolism converts l-arabinose to d-xylulose 5-phosphate in five steps.

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Functions. Guanosine is required for an RNA splicing reaction in mRNA, when a "self-splicing" intron removes itself from the mRNA message by cutting at both ends, re-ligating, and leaving just the exons on either side to be translated into protein.

The time of inosine addition relative to hypoxic insult was critical with the most effective protection occurring when inosine was added just prior to or within 5 min after insult. 

Hydroxylamine is used as a reducing agent in photography, in synthetic and analytical chemistry, to purify aldehydes and ketones, as an antioxidant for fatty acids and soaps, and as a dehairing agent for hides. In addition, hydroxylamine is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime or caprolactam.